Saskia Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest peak, stands at 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) and attracts thousands of adventurers every year. Located in northern Tanzania, this dormant volcano offers a unique trekking experience that combines breathtaking landscapes, diverse ecosystems, and the thrill of reaching the “Roof of Africa.”
Whether you’re a seasoned climber or a beginner, this complete guide to climbing Mount Kilimanjaro will help you prepare for the journey, understand the routes, and make the most of your adventure.
What to Expect on the Trek
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that challenges your physical endurance and rewards you with spectacular views. Depending on which route you choose, the trek begins in lush rainforest, transitions through heath and moorland, and then into alpine desert before reaching the glacial summit of Uhuru Peak. It offers spectacular views and a chance to spot animals on most routes.
The climb is non-technical, meaning no special mountaineering skills are needed, but proper preparation is essential due to the high altitude and demanding conditions.
Expect cold nights and chilly summit attempts, often starting around midnight. Reaching Uhuru Peak at sunrise is a rewarding highlight of the climb.
Best Time for Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro
While climbing Mount Kilimanjaro can be done all year round, each period has its own advantages and downsides.
The ideal times to climb Kilimanjaro are during the dry seasons:
- January to mid-March
- June to October
These months generally offer clearer skies and drier, more stable weather. I am saying “generally” because, as noted in a different post, Tanzania’s weather has not stuck clearly to the classic seasons, and moreover on the mountain weather is generally unpredictable.
You may want to avoid the rainy seasons (mid-March to May and November to mid-December) as trails can be slippery, visibility limited, and altogether it does not seem very pleasant to carry out the challenging walk while getting rained on and staying in tents. However, choosing to go in the rainy season does have the advantages that there are fewer crowds, and nature is lush and beautiful.
All this considered, the most popular time for making the trek is February, or sometime in the period between December and February. This is because Tanzania’s weather is relatively hot then and also the temperatures at Kili’s summit are less freezing.
November is also a popular month, despite it being in the rainy season. But rains tend to be short and intense, and the scenery is beautifully green. Temperatures are moderate.
The period of June to October is normally dry, but colder.
How Long Does it Take to Climb Mount Kilimanjaro?
While some operators may offer routes of 5 or 6 days, it is strongly recommended to plan for at least 7 days. The trek is demanding, and the body generally needs this much time to gradually get used to the altitude. There are so many things to do and see in Tanzania, it makes sense you want to be economical with your planning, but it would be a pity if you could not continue to the top due to tight planning. The climb will also be more enjoyable when you are not physically struggling as much.
Altitude Sickness and Acclimatization
Altitude sickness is a major challenge when climbing Mount Kilimanjaro. Symptoms include headaches, nausea, dizziness, and fatigue. When you experience these symptoms, listen to your body, notify your guide, and try to take it easy (to the extent possible).
Tips to avoid or deal with altitude sickness:
- Ascend slowly to allow your body to adjust (a route of at least 7 days is advised)
- Stay hydrated
- Avoid alcohol and smoking
- Inform your guide immediately if symptoms worsen
- Consider bringing altitude sickness medication (consult your doctor)
Preparing for the Climb
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa’s tallest mountain, is no joke. Not only is it a week-long trek on rough terrain, additional challenges are posed by the altitude, changed sleeping and waking times, and basic facilities.
Therefore I would strongly advise to do some training beforehand so that you are in good shape to start your journey – and actually make it to the top.
In terms of physical preparation, travel organizations recommend hiking with a weighted backpack, ideally all day or multiple days. It also would not hurt to do regular cardio training like running and swimming, and/or strength training, ideally with a focus on legs and core.
Choosing the Right Route
There are several routes to the summit, each varying in difficulty, scenery, and duration. The most popular routes are Marangu, Machame, and Lemosho. In the rainy season, the Rongai route or Marangu route are your best options.
Marangu Route (The “Coca-Cola” Route)
The oldest and most famous route. Unlike other routes, Marangu does not use the “hike high, sleep low” strategy, but goes straight up. This makes it relatively challenging for hikers to reach the summit on this route.
- Duration: For advanced climbers, the route can be done in 5–6 days. For others, it is recommended to take at least 7 days to increase chances of reaching the summit as the body gradually gets used to the altitude.
- Highlights: Hut accommodation (shared)
- Cost: This is the cheapest route
- Downsides: This route has fewest scenic views, the ascent and descent use the same route, summiting is relatively challenging. Huts lack privacy and may be noisy.
Machame Route (The “Whiskey” Route)
This popular route features a variety of scenic views. Its gradual altitude increase makes it more likely for hikers to reach the summit.
- Duration: 6–7 days
- Highlights: Scenic, diverse terrain, camping
- Cost: relatively affordable
- Downsides: Due to this route’s popularity, it can get crowded. Also, it is a relatively long route, which makes it challenging.
Lemosho Route
Beautiful and unique route starting from the westside of Mount Kilimanjaro, featuring the largest percentage of people who reach the summit. If you choose to do this route in 8 days, you can start in the rain forest. Halfway through, Lemosho joins the Machame route.
- Duration: 6–8 days
- Highlights: Unique views, fewer crowds, good acclimatization
- Cost: This is a relatively expensive route
- Downsides: Cost
Rongai Route
This challenging route starts from the northern side of the mountain, near the Kenyan border. This side has relatively little vegetation, and gives you wide views over the Kenyan landscape. The way down is via the Marangu route, allowing you to see both sides.
- Duration: 6–7 days
- Highlights: Relatively quiet, views over Kenya
- Cost: Mid-price
- Downsides: Drier conditions, less vegetation, unlikely to spot animals
Northern Circuit
This longest route of all combines several of the other routes. It is popular among travelers keen to see various sides of the mountain. Wrapping around Kilimanjaro, it features diverse scenic views. The long duration and gradual ascent facilitate acclimatization to the altitude.
- Duration: 8-9 days
- Highlights: Scenic route, opportunity to see various sides, quiet, high summiting rate
- Cost: Relatively costly due to duration
- Downsides: Requires extra time so leaves less time for other parts of Tanzania
Umbwe Route (“Double Whisky Route”)
The shortest and steepest route of all, Umbwe goes up rapidly, which makes it suitable only for fit advanced climbers who are used to altitudes. Features several exposed ridges that are not for the faint of heart.
- Duration: 6-7 days
- Highlights: Shortest route, quiet, spectacular views, a true challenge
- Cost: Mid-price
- Downsides: Physically challenging, lack of acclimatization opportunity. Serious risk of altitude sickness or not making it to the summit
Packing Recommendations
Proper gear can make the difference between an uncomfortable struggle and a safe, enjoyable climb. Temperatures while climbing Mount Kilimanjaro range from warm and humid in the rainforest (if you start that low) to well below freezing (23 to -22 Fahrenheit; -5 to -30 Celsius) around the summit, so layering clothes and having quality equipment matter.
Below are my recommendations for everything you may need on your trek. I have also included a shortlist at the end.
The extreme temperatures and variety of climates require bringing a substantial amount of clothing and equipment. Rest assured you will not have to carry it all up the mountain – porters are hired for that. I recommend bringing a small daypack for essentials that you want to have on hand at all times.
Basics
- Backpack: to leave in the porters’ care
- Day pack: to keep on hand
As with everything, it is recommended to use waterproof packs, especially in the rainy season. Alternatively you can use waterproof covers.
Footwear
Good footwear is one of the most important investments for climbing Mount Kilimanjaro. Ill-fitting or non-waterproof boots are a common reason climbers develop blisters or struggle on summit night.
- Sturdy hiking boots suitable for multi-day trekking, preferably waterproof and well broken in before the climb, for men or women.
- Gaiters to keep your shoes and legs dry
- Adjustable trekking poles to reduce strain on knees during long ascents and steep descents
Clothing and Layering
For Kilimanjaro’s various climate zones, it’s ideal to use multiple layers that can be added or removed throughout the day. Experts recommend wearing up to three layers: a base layer, a regular layer, and a watertight top layer. It is best to avoid cotton, since it does not dry well in the mountain climate. Better: merino wool, polypropylene, silk, or fleece.
Base and insulation layers
- Moisture-wicking base layers / thermo clothing for trekking in cold conditions, like this top-rated men’s shirt or this merino wool long sleeve for women.
- Lightweight insulated jacket (down or synthetic) to retain warmth at higher altitudes
- Warm hiking socks
- Comfortable hiking clothes: trousers, shorts, t-shirts, longsleeves
Outer layers
- Waterproof jacket and pants to protect against rain, wind, and snow
Cold-Weather Accessories
Even if daytime hiking feels comfortable, summit night can be extremely cold.
- Insulated waterproof gloves for sub-zero temperatures
- Balaclava
- Bandana or buff
- UV-protective sunglasses for high-altitude sun exposure
Sleeping and Camp Gear
Most operators provide basic camping equipment, but personal items can improve comfort – especially if you’ve booked a budget trek or you’re always cold like me.
- Lightweight sleeping bag rated for freezing temperatures
- Sleeping mat to use in tent or hut
- Quick dry towel
- Optional compression sacks, dry bags, or just plastic bags, to keep clothing and sleeping bag dry
Health
- Hydration bladder (camelbak) or insulated water bottle to drink easily while walking
- High-SPF sunscreen suitable for high-altitude conditions
- Compact trekking first-aid kit with blister band-aids and basic supplies
- Personal medications, clearly labeled
- Lip balm with SPF
- Energy bars or gel
- Snacks (biscuits, granola bars, trail mix, nuts)
- Toiletries
Some climbers also bring a portable pulse oximeter to monitor oxygen saturation, although guides will also watch closely for altitude-related symptoms.
Electronics
- Camera, unless you prefer using your phone
- Power bank
- Reliable headlamp with long battery life
Permits and Costs
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro requires official permits issued by the Tanzanian authorities. Permit costs vary but generally range between $700 and $1,000 depending on the route and duration. Additional costs include park fees, guide and porter fees, and food and accommodation during the trek. These costs are normally included when you book a package with a reputable tour operator, but it’s best to check.
Extra costs include tips for guides and porters, potentially equipment rental, and any snacks you want to bring.
After the Climb
Rest and recovery are crucial after descending Kilimanjaro. Many climbers choose to relax on the beaches of Zanzibar or explore other Tanzanian attractions such as Serengeti National Park or Ngorongoro Crater.
Final Tips for Successfully Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro
- Choose a route that matches your fitness level and time availability.
- Do not rush. Take at least 7 days.
- Invest in quality gear and comfortable footwear.
- Train to increase your fitness in advance.
- Listen to your guides and prioritize safety.
- Enjoy the journey and take time to appreciate the breathtaking scenery.
Conclusion
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is an unforgettable adventure that challenges both body and mind. With the right preparation and mindset, you can conquer Africa’s highest peak and create lasting memories.
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